Cognitive Load Theory
https://wiki.ubc.ca/Documentation:Design_Principles_for_Multimedia
Cognitive Load Theory
https://wiki.ubc.ca/Documentation:Design_Principles_for_Multimedia
How the brain learns? |
Inputs comes from the five senses; Processed in the thalamus; Suspicious: amygdala activated Frontal lobes: olds new data for 5 to 20 seconds Second consideration: new explicit learning in the hypocampus Really important: organized and indexed and stored in the by the cortex occipital, temporal; Increase neuronal network: number of synapses
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(and/or simultaneously processed in other parts) Visual: occipital lobe; Language: temporal lobe; Emergencies: symphatetic nervous system; Most information is lost First information high speed, storage may take hours to weeks Humans learn in several ways: sensitization, habituation, conditioned responses, semantic learning, imitation, by doing. |
Practice | The brain is relevant | Share info about how the brain works with the students |
Preparing the brain for school |
Be succinct; Use modelling (concrete examples); Be a coach; Be understanding then judgmental; Be tactfull They need explanation Just let them sleep Dangers about substance abuse |
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Rules |
Trial and error learning Feedback: model building; peer editing; gallery walk; pair-sharing; student presentations; competitive games;video; checklist; food |
Diverse ways to learn Learning from mistakes input; processing input by trial and error; communication |
Emotions |
Emotions enhance memory Compelling questions Role-modelling celebrations Physical activity Controversy Rituals Getting personal |
risk: public speaking, pair-sharing, role-model, meeting new people; Excitement: public performance, science fair, debate, field trip, relay races. Urgency: activity with less time then needed, add extra time Pleasure: finishing on time, less homework, take home something done at class, sit with a friend. |
Movement | Movement improve cognition |
setting goals on the move Role plays Energizers: touch seven colors by order Quick games: ball games for review; convincing the partner; Cross-laterals Stretching Physical education |
Environments |
Seating Temperature Lighting Noise Warm yellow: three walls students face light blue on the rear Contrasting colors: red/yellow to stimulate, light blue to calm
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Unattached chairs; Student positions in different ways Stand for breaf learning periods Posture while seating Group carefully: 3 max, not friends; 19-23ºC (68-72 ºF) Bright light: daylight Limit exposure to darkness Class outside measure noise level Soften noise level Intense cognitive activities low noise |
Social |
Information gathering Quick social connection Balance between social and individual work/events/activities cooperative learning Social skills instruction
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Motivation |
Strong goals/relevant experiences Encouragment Exercise choice Role-model joy of learning Successfull team Feedback More time when they are in the flow time past graduates to share their experience |
Eliminate threat Daily goals Positive influence: rituals, drama, movement, celebration Relevant curriculum and coherent activities
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Critical Thinking |
Gender Relevance Activity: movement Repetition Real-life experiences: practice Maturing brain: mental practice, arts, music, end-goal projects, computer tasks, delicate experiments Identifying feelings, discuss emotional states and literary/movie characters |
Males more physical, impulsive Females use more language, work cooperatively and more social |
Memory |
Flashcards Pair up and reteach: correct errors and consolidate info Give directions, one at the time Theater, manipulations, dance, steps and topics mind maps, review log book, share with you partner Tests: relaxation exercises, quizes (group), retrieval clues, rhymes, mnemonics, oral reviews, repeating content presentations, create drawings, pictures, mind maps. Lesson: important material first and last, global understanding first; peer teaching;summarize in their own words: breaking it in smaller parts;
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Students steel need: facts, directions, references, safety info Read poetry, textbooks, letters, novels compare material, summarize what was learned, make a rhyme about key ideas, turn the learning into a drawing analyze and critique from different points of view regroup the material into different categories practice an automation happy occasions, celebration, storytelling
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Brain-based teaching |
Before class: who are they? What environment? During class: engagement/motivation; framing; acquisition; elaboration; memory strengthening; After class: settling time and rest; review an revision;
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too must, too fast, it won’t last |
Schools |
Outside the box Curriculum connections Assessment Staff development Teacher support |
source: Teaching with the brain in mind, 2nd edition, 2005; JENSEN, Eric;
The common about all the following theories is the “Authentic Learning Tasks” that can be resumed by same principles:
(Merril 2001) LEARNING is promoted when…
(a) … learners are engaged in solving real-world problems.
(b) … existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge.
(c) … new knowledge is demonstrated to the learner.
(d) … new knowledge is applied by the learner.
(e) … new knowledge is integrated into the learner’s world.
THEORIES
4-Mat, 1996, McCarthy;
Cognitive Apprenticeship, 1989, Collins, Brown, Newman;
Cognitive Apprenticeship (Collins, Brown, Newman)
Collaborative Problem Solving, 1999, Nelson;
https://web.cortland.edu/frieda/id/IDtheories/34.html
Construtivism and construtivist learning environments, 1999, Jonassen;
https://web.cortland.edu/frieda/id/IDtheories/33.html
Instructional Episodes, 1997, Andre;
Article Summary: Andre (1997) Microinstructional Methods to Facilitate Knowledge Construction
Learning by Doing, 1999, Schank, Berman, MacPerson;
Multiple Approaches to Understanding, 1999, Gardner;
https://web.cortland.edu/frieda/id/IDtheories/19.html
Star Legacy, 1999, VanderBilt Learning Technology Group;
page 8, https://ocw.metu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/9336/mod_resource/content/1/firstprinciplesbymerrill.pdf
Four-component Instructional Design model, 1997, Merriënboer;
http://web.mit.edu/xtalks/TenStepsToComplexLearning-Kirschner-VanMerrienboer.pdf
Source: Ten Steps to Complex Learning, Merriënboer; Kirschner, 2007;
More:
https://web.cortland.edu/frieda/id/IDdatabase.html
https://edtechbooks.org/pdfs/print/lidtfoundations/_lidtfoundations.pdf
Learning:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.96.2854&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~prodei/DSIE08/papers/35.pdf
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-39690-3_40
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303761520_Learning_Object_Assembly_Based_on_Learning_Styles
Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research: Cluster analysis?
http://apps.maksimrudnev.com:3838/MIE/
http://www.kharazmi-statistics.ir/Uploads/Public/book/Methodology%20in%20the%20Social%20Sciences.pdf
Data analysis:
https://open.sap.com/courses/ds1
eLearning: Virtual LearningEnvironment case:
MOOC’s: high dropout!
https://rem.rc.iseg.ulisboa.pt/lese/5e3/files/Papers/planning-prompts_Rzepka.pdf
Learning Styles: evidences?
http://www.leerbeleving.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/learning-styles.pdf
Research: Action Research?
http://digitalcommons.nl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1107&context=ie
Assessment:
https://www.teachfirst.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Putting_Evidence_to_work_2017.pdf
How to give an A, Benjamin Zander
Other people powerfull, Benjamin Zander,