“Education remains a positive, significant, and profitable investment for individuals. On average, another year of education produces a private rate of return to schooling in excess of 5−8% a year. As such, there are few better investments one can make.”
Author Archives: fqantonio
Principles of instruction
Something with extensive research on it and based on more then 200 years experimental findings can be summarized on these principles (Merrill, 2007):
- Task centered approach;
- Activation principle (prior knowledge);
- Demonstration Principle;
- Application Principle;
- Integration Principle;
This can be more concrete: prepare pupils to be ready; present the new lesson; associate it with prior knowledge; use examples; test pupils to ensure they learn it;
4C/ID is one of instructional blueprints that facilitate the integration of those principles.
For multimedia learning, you can have this concrete sets of guidance lighthouses:
- Students learn better from words + pictures presented simultaneously than just words or picture and words in successively different pages;
- Extraneous materials should be excluded;
- Animation + narration is better then narration + on-screen text;
- Design effects are stronger for low-knowledge learners then for high-knowledge learners, and for high-spatial learners;
But if you want to start with small but efficient principles, follow the minimalist van Meij, 1998 proposal:
- Provide an immediate opportunity to act;
- Select real tasks for the learning activities;
- Verify if the tasks are consistent with the overall task;
- Prevent mistakes;
- Provide error information;
- Be brief;
- Provide a closure for chapters;
- Respect the user;
- On the spot error info
- Encourage exploration and innovation.
sources: Prescriptive Principles for Instructional Design, MERRIL; BARCLAY; SCHAAK; p.173, Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technlogy, third edition, 2011
Merril 2007:
https://mdavidmerrill.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/task_centered_strategy_published.pdf
https://mdavidmerrill.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/firstprinciplessynthesis.pdf
Research Reason’s for adopting bLearning
Research reason’s for adopting bLearning:
- Improvement of learning effectiveness: student and faculty satisfaction (impact on learning and workload, in spice of the fact that in the beginning there is an enormous workload); student success, less drop outs, increase success rates and improvement on skills;
- Increase access and convenience ;
- Greater cost effectiveness: it may occur a drop in cost but its not guaranteed;
Success of the bLearning depends on the institutional support, student and faculty centered approaches and the teacher training in this areas: Instructional models; staff development; course structures; assessment designs; trail and error mind set;
Dangers: domesticating tech to support old practices;
Source: Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, Third Edition, Edited by SPECTOR, J. Michael; MERRIL, M. David; MERRIENBOER, Jeroen; DRISCOLL, Marcy; 2011, p.269, Blended Learning Environments, GRAHAM, Charles; DZIUBAN, Charles;
Sloan’s Consortium Five Pillars
THE LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS PILLAR
THE SCALE PILLAR
THE ACCESS PILLAR
THE FACULTY SATISFACTION PILLAR
THE STUDENT SATISFACTION PILLAR
Source: https://onlinelearningconsortium.org/about/quality-framework-five-pillars/